zig/lib/libc/include/generic-freebsd/netinet/cc/cc_cubic.h
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/*-
* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
* Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Lawrence Stewart <lstewart@freebsd.org>
* Copyright (c) 2010 The FreeBSD Foundation
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software was developed by Lawrence Stewart while studying at the Centre
* for Advanced Internet Architectures, Swinburne University of Technology, made
* possible in part by a grant from the Cisco University Research Program Fund
* at Community Foundation Silicon Valley.
*
* Portions of this software were developed at the Centre for Advanced
* Internet Architectures, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne,
* Australia by David Hayes under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef _NETINET_CC_CUBIC_H_
#define _NETINET_CC_CUBIC_H_
#include <sys/limits.h>
/* Number of bits of precision for fixed point math calcs. */
#define CUBIC_SHIFT 8
#define CUBIC_SHIFT_4 32
/* 0.5 << CUBIC_SHIFT. */
#define RENO_BETA 128
/* ~0.7 << CUBIC_SHIFT. */
#define CUBIC_BETA 179
/* ~0.3 << CUBIC_SHIFT. */
#define ONE_SUB_CUBIC_BETA 77
/* 3 * ONE_SUB_CUBIC_BETA. */
#define THREE_X_PT3 231
/* (2 << CUBIC_SHIFT) - ONE_SUB_CUBIC_BETA. */
#define TWO_SUB_PT3 435
/* ~0.4 << CUBIC_SHIFT. */
#define CUBIC_C_FACTOR 102
/* CUBIC fast convergence factor: (1+beta_cubic)/2. */
#define CUBIC_FC_FACTOR 217
/* Don't trust s_rtt until this many rtt samples have been taken. */
#define CUBIC_MIN_RTT_SAMPLES 8
/*
* (2^21)^3 is long max. Dividing (2^63) by Cubic_C_factor
* and taking cube-root yields 448845 as the effective useful limit
*/
#define CUBED_ROOT_MAX_ULONG 448845
/* Flags used in the cubic structure */
#define CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT 0x00000001 /* congestion experienced */
#define CUBICFLAG_IN_SLOWSTART 0x00000002 /* in slow start */
#define CUBICFLAG_IN_APPLIMIT 0x00000004 /* application limited */
#define CUBICFLAG_RTO_EVENT 0x00000008 /* RTO experienced */
#define CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED 0x00000010 /* Hystart++ is enabled */
#define CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS 0x00000020 /* We are in Hystart++ CSS */
#define CUBICFLAG_IN_TF 0x00000040 /* We are in TCP friendly region */
/* Kernel only bits */
#ifdef _KERNEL
struct cubic {
/*
* CUBIC K in fixed point form with CUBIC_SHIFT worth of precision.
* Also means the time period in seconds it takes to increase the
* congestion window size at the beginning of the current congestion
* avoidance stage to W_max.
*/
int64_t K;
/* Sum of RTT samples across an epoch in usecs. */
int64_t sum_rtt_usecs;
/* Size of cwnd (in bytes) just before cwnd was reduced in the last congestion event. */
uint32_t W_max;
/* An estimate (in bytes) for the congestion window in the Reno-friendly region */
uint32_t W_est;
/* An estimate (in bytes) for the congestion window in the CUBIC region */
uint32_t W_cubic;
/* The cwnd (in bytes) at the beginning of the current congestion avoidance stage. */
uint32_t cwnd_epoch;
/* various flags */
uint32_t flags;
/* Minimum observed rtt in usecs. */
int min_rtt_usecs;
/* Mean observed rtt between congestion epochs. */
int mean_rtt_usecs;
/* ACKs since last congestion event. */
int epoch_ack_count;
/* Timestamp (in ticks) at which the current CA epoch started. */
int t_epoch;
/* Timestamp (in ticks) at which the previous CA epoch started. */
int undo_t_epoch;
/* Few variables to restore the state after RTO_ERR */
int64_t undo_K;
uint32_t undo_W_max;
uint32_t undo_cwnd_epoch;
uint32_t css_baseline_minrtt;
uint32_t css_current_round_minrtt;
uint32_t css_lastround_minrtt;
uint32_t css_rttsample_count;
uint32_t css_entered_at_round;
uint32_t css_current_round;
uint32_t css_fas_at_css_entry;
uint32_t css_lowrtt_fas;
uint32_t css_last_fas;
};
#endif
/* Userland only bits. */
#ifndef _KERNEL
extern int hz;
/*
* Implementation based on the formulas in RFC9438.
*
*/
/*
* Returns K, the time period in seconds it takes to increase the congestion
* window size at the beginning of the current congestion avoidance stage to
* W_max.
*/
static inline float
theoretical_cubic_k(uint32_t wmax_segs, uint32_t cwnd_epoch_segs)
{
double C;
C = 0.4;
if (wmax_segs <= cwnd_epoch_segs)
return 0.0;
/*
* Figure 2: K = ((W_max - cwnd_epoch) / C)^(1/3)
*/
return (pow((wmax_segs - cwnd_epoch_segs) / C, (1.0 / 3.0)) * pow(2, CUBIC_SHIFT));
}
/*
* Returns the congestion window in segments at time t in seconds based on the
* cubic increase function, where t is the elapsed time in seconds from the
* beginning of the current congestion avoidance stage, as described in RFC9438
* Section 4.2.
*/
static inline unsigned long
theoretical_cubic_cwnd(int ticks_elapsed, uint32_t wmax_segs, uint32_t cwnd_epoch_segs)
{
double C, t;
float K;
C = 0.4;
t = ticks_elapsed / (double)hz;
K = theoretical_cubic_k(wmax_segs, cwnd_epoch_segs);
/*
* Figure 1: W_cubic(t) = C * (t - K)^3 + W_max
*/
return (C * pow(t - K / pow(2, CUBIC_SHIFT), 3.0) + wmax_segs);
}
/*
* Returns estimated Reno congestion window in segments.
*/
static inline unsigned long
theoretical_reno_cwnd(int ticks_elapsed, int rtt_ticks, uint32_t wmax_segs)
{
return (wmax_segs * 0.5 + ticks_elapsed / (float)rtt_ticks);
}
/*
* Returns an estimate for the congestion window in segments in the
* Reno-friendly region -- that is, an estimate for the congestion window of
* Reno, as described in RFC9438 Section 4.3, where:
* cwnd: Current congestion window in segments.
* cwnd_prior: Size of cwnd in segments at the time of setting ssthresh most
* recently, either upon exiting the first slow start or just before
* cwnd was reduced in the last congestion event.
* W_est: An estimate for the congestion window in segments in the Reno-friendly
* region -- that is, an estimate for the congestion window of Reno.
*/
static inline unsigned long
theoretical_tf_cwnd(unsigned long W_est, unsigned long segs_acked, unsigned long cwnd,
unsigned long cwnd_prior)
{
float cubic_alpha, cubic_beta;
/* RFC9438 Section 4.6: The parameter β_cubic SHOULD be set to 0.7. */
cubic_beta = 0.7;
if (W_est >= cwnd_prior)
cubic_alpha = 1.0;
else
cubic_alpha = (3.0 * (1.0 - cubic_beta)) / (1.0 + cubic_beta);
/*
* Figure 4: W_est = W_est + α_cubic * segments_acked / cwnd
*/
return (W_est + cubic_alpha * segs_acked / cwnd);
}
#endif /* !_KERNEL */
/*
* Compute the CUBIC K value used in the cwnd calculation, using an
* implementation mentioned in Figure. 2 of RFC9438.
* The method used here is adapted from Apple Computer Technical Report #KT-32.
*/
static inline int64_t
cubic_k(uint32_t wmax_segs, uint32_t cwnd_epoch_segs)
{
int64_t s, K;
uint16_t p;
K = s = 0;
p = 0;
/* Handle the corner case where W_max <= cwnd_epoch */
if (wmax_segs <= cwnd_epoch_segs) {
return 0;
}
/* (wmax - cwnd_epoch) / C with CUBIC_SHIFT worth of precision. */
s = ((wmax_segs - cwnd_epoch_segs) << (2 * CUBIC_SHIFT)) / CUBIC_C_FACTOR;
/* Rebase s to be between 1 and 1/8 with a shift of CUBIC_SHIFT. */
while (s >= 256) {
s >>= 3;
p++;
}
/*
* Some magic constants taken from the Apple TR with appropriate
* shifts: 275 == 1.072302 << CUBIC_SHIFT, 98 == 0.3812513 <<
* CUBIC_SHIFT, 120 == 0.46946116 << CUBIC_SHIFT.
*/
K = (((s * 275) >> CUBIC_SHIFT) + 98) -
(((s * s * 120) >> CUBIC_SHIFT) >> CUBIC_SHIFT);
/* Multiply by 2^p to undo the rebasing of s from above. */
return (K <<= p);
}
/*
* Compute and return the new cwnd value in bytes using an implementation
* mentioned in Figure. 1 of RFC9438.
* Thanks to Kip Macy for help debugging this function.
*
* XXXLAS: Characterise bounds for overflow.
*/
static inline uint32_t
cubic_cwnd(int usecs_since_epoch, uint32_t wmax, uint32_t smss, int64_t K)
{
int64_t cwnd;
/* K is in fixed point form with CUBIC_SHIFT worth of precision. */
/* t - K, with CUBIC_SHIFT worth of precision. */
cwnd = (((int64_t)usecs_since_epoch << CUBIC_SHIFT) - (K * hz * tick)) /
(hz * tick);
if (cwnd > CUBED_ROOT_MAX_ULONG)
return INT_MAX;
if (cwnd < -CUBED_ROOT_MAX_ULONG)
return 0;
/* (t - K)^3, with CUBIC_SHIFT^3 worth of precision. */
cwnd *= (cwnd * cwnd);
/*
* Figure 1: C * (t - K)^3 + wmax
* The down shift by CUBIC_SHIFT_4 is because cwnd has 4 lots of
* CUBIC_SHIFT included in the value. 3 from the cubing of cwnd above,
* and an extra from multiplying through by CUBIC_C_FACTOR.
*/
cwnd = ((cwnd * CUBIC_C_FACTOR) >> CUBIC_SHIFT_4) * smss + wmax;
/*
* for negative cwnd, limiting to zero as lower bound
*/
return (lmax(0,cwnd));
}
/*
* Compute the "TCP friendly" cwnd by newreno in congestion avoidance state.
*/
static inline uint32_t
tf_cwnd(struct cc_var *ccv)
{
/* newreno is "TCP friendly" */
return newreno_cc_cwnd_in_cong_avoid(ccv);
}
#endif /* _NETINET_CC_CUBIC_H_ */